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A new siderophore chelate (1) and 8 known compounds were identified from the liquid co-cultures of the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099 by a combination of chromatography methods, including C18 reversed-phase medium pressure chromatography, gel column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods as aluminioxamine E (1), desferrioxamine E (2), ferrioxamine E (3), terragine E (4), capsimicin (5), cyclo(L-prolinyl-L-tyrosine) (6), anthranilic acid (7), (Z)-14-methylpentadec-9-enoic acid (8), and (Z)-hexadec-8-enoic acid (9). Compound 2 showed inhibitory activities against the expression of liver fibrosis related genes COL1A1, MMP2, and TIMP2. Compounds 5, 8, and 9 displayed antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 16-64 μg·mL-1. Compound 5 showed cytotoxicities against human pancreatic cancer MIA Paca-2 and human colon cancer HT-29 cell lines with IC50 of 2.9 and 6.3 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Objective::To study the effect of total alkaloids of Nandina domestica in attenuating arsenic trioxide, and analyze chemical constituents of alkaloids extract of Nandina, in order to provide the theoretical basis for studying the effect of N. domestica in attenuating arsenic trioxide with alkaloids extract of N. domestica as effective fraction. Method::The model of acute liver injury induced by arsenic trioxide was used to compare the effects on heart and liver functions of mice between arsenic trioxide alone and total alkaloids of N. domestica combined with arsenic trioxide. The detoxification of total alkaloids on arsenic trioxide was evaluated based on biochemical parameters and pathological report. Peakview (Version1.2, AB SCIEX) software was used to process the mass spectrometry data of total alkaloids of N. domestica. The structures of determined compounds were identified by molecular weight of compound (molecular formula), secondary fragments, chromatographic peak retention and literature information. Result::Among biochemical indicators, creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), malondialdehyde(MDA), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and amino transferase of aspartate(AST) of the arsenic trioxide group were increased, while elimination rates of Na+ -K+ -adenosine triphosphate(ATP), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and serum creatinine(SCr) were decreased, compared with those of the combination group. CK and LDH of the alkaloids extract group were more obviously increased than those of the N. domestica extract group, but with no remarkable difference. In histomorphometric examination, edema of mouse heart cells was improved, and some kidney and liver damages in rats were alleviated. Totally 25 alkaloids of alkaloid extract were identified. Among them, 18 were known, and 7 were unknown, including 3 structural types, in which apomorphine alkaloids were mostly. Conclusion::Heart, kidney and liver damage degrees of the combination group were significantly alleviated compared with the arsenic trioxide group. The total alkaloids fraction extracted and purified have a significant attenuation in arsenic trioxide toxicity. The detoxification of total alkaloids extract was equal to that of N. domestica extract. Furthermore, apomorphine alkaloids, such as nantenine and domesticine, can be used as index components to establish a quality control method for total alkaloids.
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Objective::Histomorphological study of the Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Folium, Nandinae Fructus were conducted to provide the basis for the identification of its authenticity and falsehood. Method::The origin and macroscopic identification were used to describe the plant morphology and the appearance characteristics of all medicinal parts. The microscopic characteristics of the medicinal parts, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, were observed and photographed by paraffin section and powder preparation techniques. Result::It was found that the morphological characteristics of the original plant were consistent with the descriptions in herbaceous books. There was no pith on the cross-section of roots. In the transverse section of stems, there were intermittent circular fiber bundles in the cortex and a cap-shaped fibrous bundle in the inner part of the xylem. In the transverse section of the leaves, the palisade tissue was wider and the fiber bundles around the main vascular bundles formed a ring. In the transverse section of petiole, the fiber bundles were arranged intermittently into rings. In the transverse section of fruit, multi-layered sclereids formed a ring in the mesocarp. The powder characteristics of root and stem mainly contained crystalliferous sclereids. There were crystal sheath fibers and stomatal infinitive in the leaf powder, and pollen grains in the flower powder, with 3-hole grooves, obvious reticulate engraving pattern in the outer wall and more reticulate cells. There were a large number of branched sclereids and calcium oxalate square crystals in the fruit powder. Conclusion::The above-mentioned morphological and microscopic features have identification significance, and provide scientific basis for the authenticity identification, the quality standard and the utilization of resources of Nandina domestica.
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Houpo Wenzhongtang was contained in Neiwaishang bianhuolun.It was composed of seven medicinal materials of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(processed with ginger),Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(remove white sac),Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma(processed with honey),Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen,Poria,Aucklandiae Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma.It was a classic prescription for treatment of deficient cold of spleen and stomach,distention of chest and abdomen,autumn and winter guest cold crime stomach and feel pain at times by LI Dongyuan,who was a famous doctors in Jin-Yuan dynasties.It has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescription(The First Batch) issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018.This paper systematically reviewed the relevant research progress of Houpo Wenzhongtang from the aspects of famous doctors' theory,usage and dosage,chemical composition,quality analysis,pharmacology and toxicology,clinical application in database,and to provide a reference for further exerting the clinical application of this classical prescription.
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Objective:The different parts of Psidium guajava(Myrrhinaceae) have different bioactivities. There are intensive studies for chemical constituents of its leaves and fruits at present. However,there are a few studies for the roots. Therefore, we systematically investigated the chemical constituents of phenolic acids in roots of P.guajava. Method:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatography methods and semi-preparative HPLC. The isolated compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Result:Sixteen phenolic components were isolated from the ethanol extract and identified as 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(1),3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),3-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),3'-O-methyl-3,4-O,O-metheneellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),gallic acid(5),methyl gallate(6),ethyl gallate(7), 3,4,5-trimethoxypheny-1-β-D-glucopyranoside(8),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid-7-O-β-D-glucoside(9),1-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-[6'-O-(4″-carboxy-1″,3″,5″-trihydroxy)phenyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),vanillic acid(11),protocatechuic acid(12),secoisolariciresinol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(13),phloretin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),cinchonain Ib(15) and epicatechin(16). Conclusion:Compounds 3,4,6,8-10,13-15 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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A new sesquiterpenes named glaucochinarol A (1) and a new phenylpropane glycoside named glcacochinaside A (2), together with six known ones, including trichothecolone (3), β-D-(6-O-trans-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-O-glucopyranoisde (4), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (4R)-p-menth-1-ene-7,8-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), naringenin (7), and emodin-8-O-β-glucoside (8) were isolated from smilax glaucochina warb. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR, MS and published data. Compounds 3-8 were isolated from the species for this first time.
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To investigated the chemical constituents of the roots of Psidium guajava,we isolated seven compounds by silica gel column chromatography.These include oleanane derivatives,2 α,3β,6β,23-tetrahydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside (1),2α,3β,6β,23-tetrahydroxylurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside (2),2α,3β,23-trihydroxylurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside (3), nigaichigoside F1(4),asiaticoside C (5),2α,3β,6β,19α,23-pentahydroxylurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid β-Dglucopyranoside (6) and 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (7).Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis with reference to the published data.Compound 1 is brand new,compounds 2-6 were first isolated from this plant.The new compound was evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human hepatoma Bel 7402 in vitro.The results were expressed as the ratio of inhibiting Bel 7402 cells growth by comparing to untreated cells.The new compound (concentration:25 μmol·L-1) showed the ratio values of 52.5%.
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We investigated the chemical constituents of the leaves of Psidum littorale, which include 16 flavonoids, including seven flavonols, six flavonoid glycosides and three flavonones. The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and by comparison with published data. Seven flavonols were kaempferol (1), isorhamnetin (2), myricetin-3,7,3'-trimethyl ether (3), laricitrin (4), quercetin (5), myricetin (6) and quercein-3,4'-dimethyl ether (7), six flavonoid glycosides were guaijaverin (8), hyperoside (9), 5,4'-dyhydroxy-3,7,5'-methoxyflavone-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (10), laricitrin-3-O-xyloside (11), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12) and myricetin-3-O-β-D-xyloside (13). Three flavonones were 4'-O-methyldihydroquercetin (14), dihydroapigenin (15) and ampelopsin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Compound 10 is a new chemical, compounds 2-4, 7, 10-16 were first isolated from this plant. 1H NMR and 13C NMR data of compound 11 were not reported in literature.
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The chemical constituents were separated and purified from the 70% ethanol extract of Smilax trinervulaby various chromatographic methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI and preparative HPLC. Their structures were obtained and identified by analysis of the spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-11 were separated from this genus for the first time. Compound 12 was obtained from S. trinervula for the first time.
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To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Methods , Lepidium , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , ChemistryABSTRACT
Steroidal saponins have a wide range of pharmacological effects and biological activities, such as anti-tumor, antifungal, hypoglycemic, immune regulation, insecticides, etc. In the last ten years, some new structures of steroidal saponins compounds were found from natural plants, they have some new and different activities. In order to accelerate the research on the drug innovation of steroidal saponins, we summarized the new progress of the research on such compounds.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Pharmacology , Antifungal Agents , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents , Pharmacology , Saponins , Pharmacology , Steroids , PharmacologyABSTRACT
To investigate the chemical constituents of Psidium Guajava L, the EtOH/H2O extract of the fresh leaves was subjected to various chromatography. Five constituents with galloyl moiety were isolated and elucidated as 1-O-(1, 2-propanediol)-6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), gallic acid (2), ellagic acid (3), ellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) and quercetin-3-O-(6"-galloyl) beta-D-galactopyranoside (5) by spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry as well as by comparison with published data. Compounds 4 and 5 were obtained from P. guajava for the first time, and compound 1 is a new polyhydroxyl compound.